Young children’s counterfactual thinking: Triggered by the negative emotions of others
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
Counterfactual thinking and emotions: regret and envy learning.
Emotions like regret and envy share a common origin: they are motivated by the counterfactual thinking of what would have happened had we made a different choice. When we contemplate the outcome of a choice we made, we may use the information on the outcome of a choice we did not make. Regret is the purely private comparison between two choices that we could have taken, envy adds to this the in...
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the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between fear of negative evaluation (fne) and communication strategies (css) among iranian efl learners. it was aimed to examine the differences in the use of communication strategies between speakers with high or low degree of fear of negative evaluation. the current study was a case study consisting of 10 english learners at...
Counterfactual thinking.
Counterfactuals are mental representations of alternatives to the past and produce consequences that are both beneficial and aversive to the individual. These apparently contradictory effects are integrated in a functionalist model of counterfactual thinking. The author reviews research in support of the assertions that (a) counterfactual thinking is activated automatically in response to negat...
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Harris, German and Mills (Children's use of counterfactual thinking in causal reasoning. Cognition, 61 (1996), 223± 259), following Mackie, argue that children make explicit use of counterfactual thinking in arriving at causal judgments. They showed that children as young as 3, in explaining simple mishap events, made reference to courses of action that a protagonist had rejected, when that cou...
متن کاملPostdecisional counterfactual thinking by actors and readers.
How do individuals think counterfactually about the outcomes of their decisions? Most previous studies have investigated how readers think about fictional stories, rather than how actors think about events they have actually experienced. We assumed that differences in individuals' roles (actor vs. reader) can make different information available, which in turn can affect counterfactual thinking...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
سال: 2019
ISSN: 0022-0965
DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2019.06.012